Father's Day
History
Father's Day is a celebration of fathers inaugurated in the United States in the early twentieth century to complement Mother's Day in celebrating fatherhood and male parenting.
After the success obtained by Anna Jarvis with the promotion of Mother's Day in the US, some[who?] wanted to create similar holidays for other family members, and Father's Day was the choice most likely to succeed. There were other persons in the US who independently thought of "Father's Day",[1][2] but the credit for the modern holiday is always given to Sonora Dodd,[2] who was the driving force behind its establishment.[3]
Father's Day was founded in Spokane, Washington at the YMCA in 1910 by Sonora Smart Dodd, who was born in Arkansas.[3] Its first celebration was in the Spokane YMCA on June 19, 1910.[3][4] Her father, the Civil War veteran William Jackson Smart, was a single parent who reared his six children there.[3] After hearing a sermon about Jarvis' Mother's Day in 1909, she told her pastor that fathers should have a similar holiday honoring them.[3] Although she initially suggested June 5, her father's birthday, the pastors hadn't enough time to prepare their sermons, and the celebration was deferred to the third Sunday of June.[1][2]
It did not have much success initially. In the 1920s, Dodd stopped promoting the celebration because she was studying in the Art Institute of Chicago, and it faded into relative obscurity, even in Spokane.[5] In the 1930s Dodd returned to Spokane and started promoting the celebration again, raising awareness at a national level.[6] She had the help of those trade groups that would benefit most from the holiday, for example the manufacturers of ties, tobacco pipes, and any traditional present to fathers.[7] Since 1938 she had the help of the Father's Day Council, founded by the New York Associated Men's Wear Retailers to consolidate and systematize the commercial promotion.[8] Americans resisted the holiday during a few decades, perceiving it as just an attempt by merchants to replicate the commercial success of Mother's Day, and newspapers frequently featured cynical and sarcastic attacks and jokes.[9] But the trade groups didn't give up: they kept promoting it and even incorporated the jokes into their adverts, and they eventually succeeded.[10] By the mid 1980s the Father's Council wrote that "(...) [Father's Day] has become a 'Second Christmas' for all the men's gift-oriented industries."[11]
A bill to accord national recognition of the holiday was introduced in Congress in 1913.[12] In 1916, President Woodrow Wilson went to Spokane to speak in a Father's Day celebration[13] and wanted to make it official, but Congress resisted, fearing that it would become commercialized.[14] US President Calvin Coolidge recommended in 1924 that the day be observed by the nation, but stopped short of issuing a national proclamation.[13] Two earlier attempts to formally recognize the holiday had been defeated by Congress.[13][15] In 1957, Maine Senator Margaret Chase Smith wrote a proposal accusing Congress of ignoring fathers for 40 years while honoring mothers, thus "[singling] out just one of our two parents".[15] In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson issued the first presidential proclamation honoring fathers, designating the third Sunday in June as Father's Day.[14] Six years later, the day was made a permanent national holiday when President Richard Nixon signed it into law in 1972.[13][14][15][16]
In addition to Father's Day, International Men's Day is celebrated in many countries on November 19 for men and boys who are not fathers.
[edit] Similar celebrations
A "Father's Day" service was held on July 5, 1908, in Fairmont, West Virginia, in the Williams Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church South, now known as Central United Methodist Church.[1] Grace Golden Clayton was mourning the loss of her father when, on December 1907, the Monongah Mining Disaster in nearby Monongah killed 361 men, 250 of them fathers, leaving around a thousand fatherless children. Clayton suggested her pastor Robert Thomas Webb to honor all those fathers.[17][18][19] Clayton chose the Sunday nearest to the birthday of her father, Methodist minister Fletcher Golden.
Clayton's event did not have repercussions outside of Fairmont for several reasons, among them: the city was overwhelmed by other events, the celebration was never promoted outside of the town itself and no proclamation was made in the City Council. Also two events overshadowed this event: the celebration of Independence Day July 4, 1908, with 12,000 attendants and several shows including a hot air balloon event, which took over the headlines in the following days, and the death of a 16-year-old girl on July 4. The local church and Council were overwhelmed and they didn't even think of promoting the event, and it wasn't celebrated again for many years. The original sermon was not reproduced in press and it was lost. Finally, Clayton was a quiet person, who never promoted the event or even talked to other persons about it.[17][18][19]
Clayton also might have been inspired by Anna Jarvis' crusade to establish Mother's Day; two months prior, Jarvis had held a celebration for her dead mother in Grafton, West Virginia, a town about 15 miles (24 km) away from Fairmont.[citation needed]
In 1911 Jane Addams proposed a city-wide Father's Day in Chicago, but she was turned down.[2]
In 1912 there was a Father's Day celebration in Vancouver, Washington, suggested by Methodist pastor J. J. Berringer of the Irvingtom Methodist Church. They believed mistakenly that they had been the first to celebrate such a day.[1] They followed a 1911 suggestion by the Portland Oregonian.[2]
Harry C. Meek, member of Lions Clubs International who helped to promote the holiday, claimed that he had first the idea for Father's Day in 1915.[1][2] He claims that the third Sunday of June was chosen because it was his birthday (it would have been more natural to choose his father's birthday).[2] The Lions Club has named him "Originator of Father's Day".[1]
[edit] Spelling
In the United States, Dodd used the "Fathers' Day" spelling on her original petition for the holiday,[3] but the spelling "Father's Day" was already used in 1913 when a bill was introduced to the U.S. Congress as the first attempt to establish the holiday,[12] and it was still spelled the same way when its creator was commended in 2008 by the U.S. Congress.[20]
[edit] Dates around the world
The officially recognized date of Father's Day varies from country to country. This section lists some significant examples, in order of date of observance.
| Gregorian calendar | |||||||||
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| Occurrence | Dates | Country | |||||||
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February 23 |
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March 19 |
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Second Sunday of May |
May 8, 2011 |
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| May 8 | |||||||||
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Third Sunday of May |
May 15, 2011 |
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Jun 2, 2011 |
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First Sunday of June |
June 5, 2011 |
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June 5 |
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Second Sunday of June |
June 12, 2011 |
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Third Sunday of June |
June 19, 2011 |
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June 17 |
 Guatemala[35] |
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June 21 (first day of summer) |
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June 23 |
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Second Sunday of July |
July 10, 2011 |
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Last Sunday of July |
July 31, 2011 |
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Second Sunday of August |
August 14, 2011 |
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August 8 |
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First Sunday of September |
September 4, 2011 |
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Second Sunday of September |
September 11, 2011 |
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Third Sunday of September |
September 18, 2011 |
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First Sunday of October |
October 2, 2011 |
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Second Sunday of November |
November 13, 2011 |
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December 5 |
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December 26 |
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| Hindu calendar | |||||||||
| Definition | Sample dates | Country/Territory | |||||||
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August 29, 2011 |
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 India |
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| Islam calendar | |||||||||
| Definition | Sample dates | Country/Territory | |||||||
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13 Rajab |
June 16, 2011 |
 Pakistan |
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*Officially, as the name suggests, the holiday celebrates people who are serving or were serving the Russian Armed Forces (both men and women). But the congratulations are traditionally, nationally accepted by all fathers, other adult men and male children as well.[citation needed]
**In China during Republican period prior to 1949, Father's Day on August 8 was first held in Shanghai in 1945.
From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father's_Day